
{"id":9143,"date":"2021-09-06T11:22:58","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T09:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/?p=9143"},"modified":"2023-09-12T10:49:07","modified_gmt":"2023-09-12T08:49:07","slug":"pytorch-vs-tensorflow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/blog\/data-analytics\/pytorch-vs-tensorflow\/","title":{"rendered":"PyTorch vs TensorFlow: What Are They, and Which Should You Use?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Most people choose to begin their adventures with <a href=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/blog\/data-analytics\/what-is-machine-learning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">machine learning<\/a> by using either PyTorch or TensorFlow. But how do you choose?<br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PyTorch and TensorFlow are leading <a href=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/blog\/data-analytics\/python-machine-learning-libraries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">machine learning libraries<\/a> used to power thousands of highly intelligent applications. Developed by the big players in tech\u2014Meta&#8217;s Artificial Intelligence Research lab and Google\u2019s Brain team, these platforms deal with deep learning. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this article, I&#8217;ll talk you through PyTorch vs TensorFlow and explain the use case for each of them. You can also use the following clickable menu to skip forward to a section you\u2019re interested in.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong><a href=\"#deep-learning\">What is deep learning?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong><a href=\"#pytorch\">What is PyTorch?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong><a href=\"#tensorflow\">What is TensorFlow?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong><a href=\"#pytorch-vs-tensorflow\">PyTorch vs TensorFlow: Which should you use?<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong><a href=\"#next-steps\">Key takeaways and next steps<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With that, let\u2019s get started!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"deep-learning\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. What is deep learning?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019ve heard about PyTorch and TensorFlow, you may have also heard about deep learning, but what exactly is it? Let\u2019s recap to find out. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Highly intelligent computer programs capable of \u2018learning\u2019 have been around for a couple of decades now. The modern ones use an ingenious technique called deep learning. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/cloud\/learn\/deep-learning#:~:text=Deep%20learning%20is%20a%20subset,from%20large%20amounts%20of%20data.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deep learning employs an artificial neural network with three or more layers. <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These networks attempt to learn from large sets of data\u2014and when we say large, we mean <strong>large<\/strong>. Now, while a single layer of neural networks can make approximate predictions on its own, it\u2019s the multi-layer structure that makes deep learning algorithms so incredibly accurate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deep learning drives many <a href=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/blog\/data-analytics\/types-of-ai\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">artificial intelligence (AI<\/a>) applications and services that drive automation and perform analytical and physical tasks without human intervention. These applications are everywhere around you\u2014from something as seemingly simple as a weather app on your phone, to more sophisticated state-of-the-art gadgets like self-driving cars. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Google\u2019s image-based CAPTCHA (yes, that annoying process of selecting all the boxes with cars in them to prove you\u2019re not a bot before sending a form), these applications are used to feed their deep learning programs. These programs then process billions of bytes of data and create algorithms that power things like Google\u2019s self-driving cars!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u200b\u200bBut how do you start dipping your feet in the data analytics pond? In this post, we\u2019ll compare two of the most popular deep learning programs: PyTorch and TensorFlow.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Learn more:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/blog\/data-analytics\/machine-learning-vs-deep-learning\/\">What\u2019s the Difference Between Machine Learning and Deep Learning?<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"pytorch\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. What is PyTorch?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simply put, PyTorch is an open-source machine learning library developed by Facebook&#8217;s AI Research lab (now renamed <a href=\"https:\/\/ai.meta.com\/research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meta AI<\/a>). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was first introduced in 2016 and has since been distributed on the BSD license as free software. The name, interestingly enough, is a combination of two words you are probably familiar with: Python and Torch. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Python is the software\u2019s user interface, while Torch is one of the first machine learning libraries released way back in 2002. The use of the name Torch here is more than just a subtle homage: PyTorch shares some of its C++ backend with Torch, thus allowing users to program on it using C\/C++.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Learn more:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/blog\/data-analytics\/best-machine-learning-languages\/\">What\u2019s the Best Language for Machine Learning?<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advantages of using PyTorch<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the key advantages of PyTorch is that it uses Python as the main programming language.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/blog\/data-analytics\/what-is-python-used-for\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Python is undoubtedly the most popular language used for machine learning because of its sheer versatility and ease of use.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Being a part of the Python package ecosystem, PyTorch is also fully compatible with popular Python libraries such as SciPy and NumPy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Python base also makes PyTorch relatively easier to learn, compared to other machine learning frameworks. Its syntax and application closely resemble that of many popular programming languages, like Java and Python.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adding on to the ease of usage, PyTorch now sports a hybrid UI that allows you to work in two user modes: eager mode and graph mode. Eager mode is better for R&amp;D projects, whereas graph mode offers great functionality in a C++ runtime environment.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cons of using PyTorch<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PyTorch currently lacks a coherent model serving in production. However, it is worth noting that FAIR has announced that they are working on this.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It does not have comprehensive monitoring and visualization interfaces like TensorFlow\u2019s TensorBoard. This complicates handling data in PyTorch.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now that we know a fair bit about Facebook\u2019s PyTorch, let&#8217;s have a look at the other big player in the game: Google\u2019s TensorFlow.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9197\" src=\"http:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pytorch-programmer.jpg\" alt=\"Person uses Python, which powers PyTorch, a machine learning library\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pytorch-programmer.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pytorch-programmer-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pytorch-programmer-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/pytorch-programmer-768x384.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"tensorflow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. What is TensorFlow?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TensorFlow originates from Google\u2019s own machine learning software, which was later refactored and optimized for use in production. As a result, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ai.googleblog.com\/2015\/11\/tensorflow-googles-latest-machine.html\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TensorFlow was released to the world<\/span><\/a> as an open-source machine learning library in 2015.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TensorFlow\u2019s name is also a conjunction of two keywords: Tensor and flow. A \u2018tensor\u2019 is the most basic data structure in TensorFlow. You can perform operations on these tensors by building stateful data \u2018flow\u2019 charts (similar to a flowchart) that remind the program of past events.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TensorFlow has historically been seen as the go-to production-grade library. Being one of the earliest modern machine learning software available, TensorFlow has garnered a huge, diversified user base for itself. While its popularity did decline a little after PyTorch came out in 2016, Google\u2019s 2019 release of TensorFlow 2.0 improved things. The 2.0 update is mainly aimed at making the software more accessible and user-friendly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/survey.stackoverflow.co\/2023\/#most-popular-technologies-misc-tech-learn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2023 Stack OverFlow Developer Survey<\/a>, TensorFlow was the fourth most-popular library among those learning to code, as well as one of the most of the most popular among all kinds of programmers, it&#8217;s 9.53% just ahead of PyTorch&#8217;s 8.75%.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advantages of using TensorFlow<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can get started on your project quicker with TensorFlow because of the heaps of data and pre-trained models it already has: all TensorFlow users have access to this data in Google Collab Notebooks, which is provided by both Google and third parties.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It massively helps production-related machine learning. It has available APIs for JavaScript and Swift that can be used for mobile development and TensorFlow Lite, which lets you compress and optimize models for the Internet of Things devices.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TensorFlow has had a history of being easily deployable on most machines across the spectrum. This makes the software incredibly scalable. Other machine learning platforms like PyTorch have only started open-source serving libraries as recently as 2020.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cons of using TensorFlow<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The update from TensorFlow 1.x to TensorFlow 2.0 changed a lot of features. Users familiar with the previous version might find the current version difficult or confusing.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TensorFlow is slower than its competitors. While it can be used for dealing with industrial data sets, it takes more time.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It provides less support for Windows users. TensorFlow is primarily designed for Linux systems, and can only be downloaded on Windows using the Anaconda prompt or the pip package.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"pytorch-vs-tensorflow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. PyTorch vs TensorFlow: Which should you use?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Short answer? It depends on what you\u2019re trying to do. Both PyTorch and TensorFlow have their pros and cons. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It&#8217;s better to compare the two using certain metrics to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Here are some of the metrics you could use to make a further judgment:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deployment\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impressed with your project? You can make the neural network available for other people\u2019s use through deployment! TensorFlow is the clear winner when it comes to this. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/towardsdatascience.com\/pytorch-levels-up-its-serving-game-with-torchserve-3d97ac502364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PyTorch launched its serving-library Torchserve in 2020<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, whereas TensorFlow has been offering services like TensorLite and TensorFlow.js for years.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Domain\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PyTorch\u2019s overall functionality, ease of use, and features make it ideal for researchers and students. On the other hand, TensorFlow is incredibly scalable and easily deployable and is, therefore, a favorite for production.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parallelism\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PyTorch allows you to enable training across multiple GPUs with just a single line of code. While this can also be implemented in TensorFlow, you will have to write a lengthier program.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debugging\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Easy debugging is another factor that makes PyTorch the perfect platform for new deep neural networks users. It can be debugged using Python\u2019s regular debuggers that most users are already familiar with\u2014PyCharm Debugger and pdb. For TensorFlow, however, the user must learn the library\u2019s debugger.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"next-steps\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Key takeaways and next steps<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When it comes to determining who wins in the battle of PyTorch vs TensorFlow, well, we&#8217;re sorry to be the bearer of bad news: they&#8217;re both great. PyTorch and TensorFlow are both excellent tools for working with deep neural networks. Developed during the last decade, both tools are significant improvements on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.withgoogle.com\/build\/data-analytics\/explore-history-machine-learning\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">initial machine learning programs launched in the early 2000s. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PyTorch\u2019s functionality and features make it more suitable for research, academic or personal projects. TensorFlow, on the other hand, while a little harder to learn, offers excellent scalability and can be easily deployed on most machines. While TensorFlow does hold the distinction of being an older, more widely used platform, PyTorch is in no way less useful.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For those who want to take their love of data and deep learning to the next level, we recommend taking this <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/short-courses\/become-a-data-analyst\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">free, 5-day introductory course in data analytics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0 You could also read more about related topics by reading any of the following articles:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/blog\/data-analytics\/data-science-vs-data-analytics-vs-machine-learning\/\">What\u2019s the Difference Between Data Science, Data Analytics, and Machine Learning?<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/blog\/data-analytics\/best-machine-learning-languages\/\">What\u2019s the Best Language for Machine Learning?<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/blog\/data-analytics\/best-data-bootcamps-for-learning-python\/\">These Are the Best Data Bootcamps for Learning Python<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you&#8217;re new to the world of machine learning, it won&#8217;t be long until you hear the names PyTorch and TensorFlow being thrown around. But what are they, and which wins in the battle of PyTorch vs TensorFlow?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":123,"featured_media":9147,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"yes","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-analytics"],"acf":{"homepage_category_featured":false},"modified_by":"Matthew Deery","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/123"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9143"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29509,"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9143\/revisions\/29509"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/careerfoundry.inbearbeitung.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}